参考文献/References:
[1] Robinson CM,Amin AK,Godley KC,et al. Modern perspectives of open reduction and plate fixation of proximal humerus frac tures[J].J Orthop Trauma,2011,25(10):618-629.
[2] Neer CS 2nd. Displaced proximal humeral fractures. I. classification and evaluation.[J]. J Bone Joint Surg Am,1970,52(6):1077-1089.
[3] 王亦璁,姜保国.骨与关节损伤[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2012:705-716.
[4] Majed A,Macleod L,Bull AM,et al. Proximal humeral fracture classification systems revisited [J]. 2011,20(7):1125-1132.
[5] Murray IR,Amin AK,White TO,et al. Proximal humeral fractures:current concepts in classification,treatment and outcomes[J].Bone Joint Surg Br,2011,93(1):1-11.
[6] Hanson B,Neidenbach P,De Boer P,et al.Functional outcomes after nonoperative management of fractures of the proximal humerus[J].J Shoulder Elbow Surg,2009,18(4):612-621.
[7] Olerud P,Ahrengart L,Ponzer S,et al. Internal fixation versus nonoperative treatment of displaced 3-part proximal humeral fractures in elderly patients:a randomized controlled trial [J].J Shoulder Elbow Surg,2011,20(5):747-755.
[8] 曾洁明,张文佳,黄住,等.老年患者肱骨近端骨折保守治疗与手术治疗的生存质量分析[J].国际医药卫生导报,2012,18(19):2818-2821.
[9] 齐伟正,翟惠影,甄新乐,等.闭合复位穿针内固定治疗老年肱骨近端骨折[J].实用骨科杂志,2009,15(2):130-133.
[10] Brunner A,Weller K,Thormann S,et al. Closed reduction and minimally invasive percutaneous fixation of proximal humerus fractures using the Humerusblock[J]. J Orthop Trauma,2010,24(7):407-413.
[11] Carbone S,Tangari M,Gumina S,et al.Percutaneous pinning of three-or four-part fractures of the proximal humerus in elderly patients in poor general condition:MIROS? versus traditional pinning[J].Int Orthop,2012,36(6):1267-1273.
[12] Fenichel L,Oran A,Burstein G,et al.Percutaneous pinning using threaded pins as a treatment option for unstable two-and three-part fractures of the proximal humerus:a retrospective study[J]. Int Orthop,2006,30(3):153-157.
[13] Keener JD,Parsons BO,Flatow EL,et al. Outcomes after percutaneous reduction and fixation of proximal humeral fractures[J]. J Shoulder Elbow Surg,2007,16(3):330-338.
[14] Parmaksioglu AS,Sökücü S,Ozkaya U,et al.Locking plate fixation of three-and four-part proximal humeral fractures[J]. Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc,2010,44(2):97-104.
[15] Jones CB,Sietsema DL,Williams DK. Locked plating of proximal humeral fractures:is function affected by age,time,and fracture patterns?[J].Clin Orthop Relat Res,2011,469(12):3307-3316.
[16] Hente R,Kampshoff J,Kinner B,et al.Treatment of clislocated 3-and 4-part fractures of the proximal humerus with an angle-stabilizing fixation plate[J].Unfallchirurg, 2004,107(9):769-782.
[17] Leonard M,Mokotedi L,Alao U,et al.The use of locking plates in proximal humeral fractures:comparison of outcome by patient age and fracture pattern[J]. Int J Shoulder Surg. 2009,3(4):85-89.
[18] 董军政,申海波,李延明,等.应用肱骨近端锁定型钢板治疗肱骨近端骨折的回顾性研究[J].国际外科学杂志,2010(8):521-523.
[19] Sproul RC,Iyengar JJ. A systematic review of locking plate fixation of proximal humerus fractures [J].Injury,2011,42(4):408-413.
[20] 张晓冬.应用交锁髓内钉治疗肱骨近端骨折的临床研究[J].中国矫形外科杂志,2010,18(17):1427-1429.
[21] Mihara K,Tsutsui H,Suzuki K,et al.New intramedullary nial for the surgical neck fracture of the proximal humerus in elderly patients[J]. J Orthop Sci,2008,13(1):56-61.
[22] 王琪.微创顺行交锁髓内钉内固定治疗复杂型肱骨干骨折26例[J].中国中医骨伤科杂志,2010,18(3):49.
[23] Gradl G,Dietze A,Kaab M,et al. Is locking nailing of humeral head fractures superior to locking plate fixation?[J]. Clin Orthop Relat Res,2009,467(11):2986-2993.
[24] Jaeger M,Maier D,Izadpanak K,et al.Limitations of reconstruction-prostheses[J].Unfallchirurg,2011,114(12):1068-1074.
[25] Bries AD,Pill SG,Wade Krause FR,et al.Accuracy of obtaining optimal base plate declination in reverse shoulder arthroplasty[J]. J Shoulder Elbow Surg,2012,21(12):1770-1775.
[26] 罗树林,尹峰,张亚东,等.半肩置换治疗肱骨近端四部分骨折[J].中国骨与关节损伤杂志,2012,27(7):640-641.
[27] Maier D,Jaeger M,Izadpanah K,et al.Proximal humeral fracture treatment in adults[J]. J Bone Joint Surg Am,2014,96(3):251-261.
[28] Klein M,Juschka M,Hinkenjann B,et al.Treatment of comminuted fractures of the proximal humerus in elderly patients with the delta III reverse shoulder prosthesis[J].J Orthop Trauma,2008,22(10):698-704.
[29] Huguet D,Declercq G,Rio B,et al.Results of a new stemless shoulder prosthesis:radiologic proof of maintained fixation and stability after a minimum of three years' follow-up[J].J Shoulder Elbow Surg,2010,19(6):847-852.
[30] Simovitch RW,Zumstein MA,Lohri E,et al. Predictors of scapular notching in patients managed with the delta III reverse total shoulder replacement[J]. J Bone Joint Surg Am,2007,89(3):588-600.
[31] Lädermann A,Lüubbeke A,Melis B,et al. Prevalence of neurologic lesions after total shoulder arthroplasty[J]. J Bone Joint Surg Am,2011,93(14):1288-1293.
[32] Boons W,Goosen JH,Van Grinsven S,et al.Hemiarthroplasty for humeral four-part fractures for patients 65 years and older:a randomized controlled trial[J].Clin Orthop Relat Res,2012,470(12):3483-3491.