参考文献/References:
[1] Thoresen BO,Alho EA,Stromsoe K,et al.Interlocking intramedullary nailing in femoral shaft fractures.A report of 48 cases[J].J Bone Joint Surg Am,1985,67:1313-1320.
[2] Koval KJ,Kummer FJ,Bharam S,et al.Distal femoral fixation:alaboratory comparison of the 95 degrees plate,antegrade and retrograde inserted reamed intramedullary nails[J].J Orthop Trauma,1996,10(6):378-382.
[3] Toluse AM,Asuquo JE,Ikem IC,et al.Comparison of effect ofretrograde and antegrade approaches to interlocking nail fixation of femoraldiaphyseal fractures on ipsilateral hip and knee joint motion[J].West Afr J Med,2014,33(1):21-25.
[4] Yu CK,Singh VA,Mariapan S,et al.Antegrade versus retrograde lockedIntramedullary nailing for femoral fractures:which is better?[J].Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg,2007,33(2):135-140.
[5] Campbell's Operative Orthopaedics.In:Terry Canale S,ed.Fractures of the Lower Extermity[M].10th ed,Vol.3,Chap.51.
[6] Winquist RA,Hansen ST,Clawson DK.Closed intramedullarynailing of femoral fractures[J].J Bone Joint Surg Am,1984,66:529-539.
[7] Ma YG,Hu GL,Hu W,et al.Surgical factors contributing to nonunion infemoral shaft fracture following intramedullary nailing[J].Chin J Traumatol,2016,19(2):109-112.
[8] Taitsman LA,Lynch JR,Agel J,et al.Risk factors for femoral nonunion afterfemoral shaft fracture[J].J Trauma,2009,67(6):1389-1392.
[9] Lin SJ,Chen CL,Peng KT,et al.Effect of fragmentary displacement andmorphology in the treatment of comminuted femoral shaft fractures with anintramedullary nail[J].Injury,2014,45(4):752-756.
[10] Ostrum RF,Agarwal A,Lakatos R,et al.Prospective comparison of retrograde and antegrade femoralintramedullary nailing[J].J OrthopTrauma,2000,14(7):496-501.
[11] Daglar B,Gungor E,Delialioglu OM,et al.Comparison of knee function afterantegrade and retrograde intramedullarynailing for diaphyseal femoral fractures:Results of isokinetic evaluation[J].J Orthop Trauma,2009,23(9):640-644.
[12] Khare A,Mehra MM.Retrograde femoral interlocking nail in complex fractures[J].J Orthop Surg,2002,10(1):17-21.
[13] Patterson BM,Routt ML,Benirschke SK,et al.Retrograde nailing offemolshatftractures[J].J Trauma,1995,38:38-43.
[14] Leggon RE,Feldmann DD.Retrograde femoral nailing:a focus on the knee[J].Am J Knee Surg,2001,14(2):109-118.
[15] Ricci WM,Bellabarba C,Evanoff B,et al.Retrograde versus antegrade nailing of femoral shaft fractures[J].J Ortho Trauma,2001,15(3):161-169.
[16] Blacksin MF,Zurlo JV,Levy AS.Internal derangement of the knee afteripsilateral femoral shaft fracture:MR imaging findings[J].Skeletal Radiol,1998,27(8):434-439.
[17] de Campos J,Vangsness CT Jr,Merritt PO,et al.Ipsilateral knee injurywith femoral fracture.Examination under anesthesia and arthroscopicevaluation[J].Clin Orthop Relat Res,1994,300:178-182.
[18] Halvorson JJ,Barnett M,Jackson B,et al.Risk of septic knee followingretrograde intramedullary nailing of open and closed femoral shaft fractures[J].J Orthop Surg Res,2012,17(7):7.
[19] Papadokostakis G,Papakostidis C,Dimitriou R,et al.The role and efficacy of retrograding nailing for the treatment of diaphyseal and distalfemoral fractures:a systematic review of the literature[J].Injury,2005,36(7):813-822.